Category: design | 設計 | 예술과 디자인 | デザイン

Design was something that was important to me from the start of this blog, over different incarnations of the blog, I featured interesting design related news. Design is defined as a plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a building, garment, interfaces or other object before it is made.

But none of the definition really talks about what design really is in the way that Dieter Rams principles of good design do. His principles are:

  1. It is innovative
  2. It makes a product useful
  3. It is aesthetic
  4. It makes a product understandable
  5. It is unobtrusive
  6. It is honest
  7. It is long-lasting
  8. It is thorough down to the last detail
  9. It is environmentally-friendly – it can and must maintain its contribution towards protecting and sustaining the environment.
  10. It is as little design as possible

Bitcoin isn’t long lasting as a network, which is why people found the need to fork the blockchain and build other cryptocurrencies.

Bitcoin uses 91 terawatts of energy annually or about the entire energy consumption of Finland.

The Bitcoin network relies on thousands of miners running energy intensive machines 24/7 to verify and add transactions to the blockchain. This system is known as “proof-of-work.” Bitcoin’s energy usage depends on how many miners are operating on its network at any given time. – So Bitcoin is environmentally unfriendly by design.

On the other hand, Apple products, which are often claimed to be also influenced by Dieter Rams also fail his principles. They aren’t necessarily environmentally friendly as some like AirPods are impossible to repair or recycle.

  • Apple StyleWriter II

    Why I had an Apple StyleWriter II printer

    The mid-1990s were a transitional time for me. I moved from Merseyside to go to college in Huddersfield. Holiday time meant that I did the whole thing in reverse. I needed a printer set up that was light, portable, reliable and provided high quality prints for college assignments and job applications. Costco had opened in Liverpool, so I had access to good quality ‘Conqueror’ paper and needed a printer that could handle it.
    Apple StyleWriter II
    For the princely sum of 130 GBP I settled on an Apple StyleWriter II. The printer came in a ‘platinum’ grey plastic colour that was slightly different to the beige boxes that passed for computing equipment back then. It had a detachable paper feeder and a front hatch that allowed you to access the printer innards it was simplicity to look after.

    LocalTalk interface

    The Apple StyleWriter II connected to my Apple PowerBook via a mini DIN socket and cable which Macs used as serial ports back then. It printed presentation foils with special acetate sheets, and printed three pages a minute at 330 dpi resolution (or about as good as the average office laser printer). Its cartridges were an easy to find variety of Canon cartridge which was a boon compared to trying to get print jobs done on-site at the university computer facilities and print bureau.

    It handled mail-merges from ClarisWorks with aplomb and printed on envelopes as happily as the paper. It didn’t break ever.

    The machine could be disassembled into a compact unit. I even took the printer on my travels to see family in Ireland so that I could continue on with my work and on a trip to Boblingen in Germany; where I printed out extra copies of documents I was likely to need and put together a series of notes from each days interviews that I had with a large American technology company.

    Rise of USB

    In fact, the only reason why I no longer use it is that Apple moved to USB and stopped making drivers for the printer. I couldn’t replace it with a new version as Steve Jobs took Apple out of the printer business; refocusing the company and its product line to try and stem the huge business losses that the company was making in the late 1990s.

    Looking back over the decade and a half; printers haven’t functionally moved on that much. You only need so much speed out of a home printer and the technology in them hasn’t moved at the same space as the computers themselves. I now have a relatively rarely used Konica Minolta colour laser printer and shudder to think how much the likely cost of the new toner is likely to be; in fact I may just replace it instead. The colour laser was a welcome break from a number of HP and Canon printers which were bulkier than the StyleWriter II and seemed to break surprisingly soon after the 12-month warranty gave out. More related content can be found here.

  • Aspiration of flight

    Inter-city rail services increasingly define themselves in terms of comparison to airlines. Take for instance the Chinese attendants recruited for the countries new Beijing-Shanghai ‘bullet-train’ route. The 403 women inductees look like classic air stewardess material and have gone through a similar kind of polishing process. The Chinese describe these attendees as ‘high-speed sisters’ 高姐. Find out more at the Shanghaist

    In the UK, you don’t have to look far for the aspiration of flight, rows of seats where you are not facing people are called ‘airline-style seats’ on the online ticket booking service and First Great Western even have gone to the trouble of recreating the airline safety card attached to the seat and a little fold-down drinks table.

    Virgin Trains have provided an integrated points system with other aspects of their business including Virgin Travel and Virgin Atlantic – their airline. Thankfully the airline doesn’t have the kind of odours that its train toilets seem to have, even when spotless. 
    Aspirations of flight
    The problem is that the actual experience isn’t like an airline in most cases, its bumpy and lurches from side-to-side on older parts of the track. At least Virgin has its Pendolino trains that lean into a turn and smooth out the side to side movement. On occasion Virgin’s tilting trains can make the walk to the buffet car like a simulation of being under the influence. And the overall ambiance of trains in the UK, if it did meet the aspiration of flight standard is generally more Ryanair than Singapore Airlines. 

    Instead of aping airlines with an aspiration of flight, why not emphasis what the trains don’t have like laborious security checks and having to spend hours in the crap department store concessions that now pass for airside lounges in the UK? More related content can be found here

  • Sennheiser HD250 II Linear headphones

    The Sennheiser HD250 II Linear came from a time before Dr Dre and Lady Gaga had their own headphone lines. Quality headphones were dominated by German and Austrian companies. The three companies were AKG, Beyerdynamic and Sennheiser. These companies had a number of things in common: their headphones were very well made, sounded amazing and many of the parts were user serviceable.

    Sennheiser, AKG and Beyerdynamic now

    AKG designs haven’t changed that much (because they don’t need to), but the company has moved production from Austria to China since it is now part of the Harman conglomerate of audio equipment. The main difference that I have noticed is that the plastic mouldings aren’t as good as the Austrians used to do.

    Beyerdynamic is still a German family-owned business that keeps making technological progress. They have still managed to keep on building headphones to the same high standard it always has done. The most recent headphones that I bought were a set of Beyerdynamic DT150s. They look crude, but are robust, well-made and sound great.

    Sennheiser like Beyerdynamic is still family-owned but taken a more fad-centric attitude to it’s headphone design. Its HD25 and HD25-SP models hark back to HD414 which was originally sold back in 1967. Most of the rest of the designs take their cues from the Sony and Technics headphones from the late 1990s onwards.  I have a set of HD25 headphones but they aren’t my favourite Sennheiser set, I tend to wear them when I am traveling as they are pretty space efficient.

    Sennheiser have been on a role since the HD414 in 1967, by the time the early 1979 came around Sennheiser bought out the game changing HD420 with a modernist design. These were noticeable for their great comfortable headband, lightweight, great sound and value for money. The problem was that they were ‘open’ in design. That means that they allowed other people to hear your music and could easily hear ambient noise from your surroundings. Eventually they created a closed version of these headphones and tweaked them to come up with the Sennheiser HD 250 II Linear.
    Sennheiser HD 250 II Linear headphones
    These headphones are big, but don’t look bulky. They are aesthetically pleasing which is more than you can say for their peers back in the day or even now. I have worn them all day without any discomfort or sweatiness. Pretty much every part is user replaceable making them ideal as a long term purchase (and environmentally friendly to boot).

    The rivals

    I’ve worn most of the rival headphones to the Sennheiser HD250 II Linear:

    • Sony’s MDR-7506 are loud and reliable. Which is why they are popular in APAC and amongst many people in video
    • The AKG K270 are comfortable and light, but sound less accurate than Beyerdynamic’s DT150.
    • Beyerdynamic’sDT100 and DT150 are great headsets, but they feel bulky. The sound is pleasant accurate but doesn’t have the space and detail of the Sennheisers
    Sennheiser HD250 II Linear pros and cons

    Sennheiser HD250 II Linear headphones have an open sound more like listening to loudspeakers. They are still insulated enough for DJing and being a good citizen on public transport. They are very accurate allowing you to hear flaws in digital sound sources. For instance iTunes on my Mac and my iPod sound clipped with a slight metallic quality and the bass sounds thin; even when compared to CD. (I use an old HHb CD-Recorder player based on the old Pioneer ‘turntable’ CD mechanism and a Technics SLZ-1200 as my primary CD players). Vinyl sounds warmer and more rounded. It does make me wonder how digital dance music can become without decent bass response but that’s a whole other blog post.

    There are some aspects of the Sennheiser HD250 II Linear that are an acquired taste from a design point-of-view. They have a straight cable rather than a coiled ‘telephone’ style cable. I prefer the coiled cable design but some people find that it pulls so its a matter of personal preference. The cabling design is a simple ‘Y’ design rather than running around inside the headphones like the HD 25. However this means that they are easy to service and there is less to go wrong.

    Sennheiser, if you get to read this article please bring the HD250 II Linear model back, or at the very least keep making spare parts for them and keep the parts readily available to consumers. More related content here.

  • Palm Vx

    When I started agency life I still had a trusty Filofax that had my contacts I had built up from DJing, working in the oil industry and being in college written in barely legible text on address sheets or plastic sheets stuffed with business cards. It had a reassuring heft to it like it contained both the old and new testaments of the bible. In my first 12 months working at the agency, my contacts were further swelled by journalists, suppliers, clients and colleagues stuffed into two Rolodex frames and 99 numbers on the SIM of my then new Ericsson PF 768 mobile phone.In addition to all this, I also had built up a database of over 200  industry contacts on ClarisWorks running on my by now ancient Apple PowerBook. This presented me with the kind of problems that businesses sorted with CRM software. A second problem that I had was making all this data portable. The solution to all this was the Palm Vx.
    Palm Vx
    The only device that was compatiable with my Mac was the Palm series of devices and flush with cash from my first year’s bonus. I got myself a Palm Vx from Expansys. In many respects despite its lack of an always-on wireless connection, the Palm Vx was the benchmark I have in mind when I look at smartphones.

    At its core the smartphone lives or dies by its personal information manager and its ability to sync with your computer for your contacts and calendar. When I used a Palm Vx, I never had the machine brick when I loaded too many contacts on to it, it never endlessly duplicated or corrupted contacts and it didn’t freak out when you scheduled events more than three months ahead.

    Unfortunately the same can’t be said for subsequent devices I owned including Palm’s Treo 600 and 650 phones, or the succession of Nokia devices I owned up until my E90 communicator gave up the ghost and went to the great Carphone Warehouse in the sky.

    The Vx was primitive, which was one of its main strengths:

    • Its screen which showed 16 types of grey was easy to view in direct sunlight
    • It’s electroluminescent backlight allowed you to view it in a darkened room and still have enough battery left to last you a week
    • It didn’t have an app store, but then there wasn’t any productivity sucking software and you could find new applications with your search engine of choice
    • It had to use a stylus for all but the most basic items on the resistive touchscreen, but Palm’s original single stroke handwriting called Graffiti once you got the hang of it is faster to use than the soft keyboard on my iPhone. Unfortunately a long-running patent dispute that went on until 2004 meant that Palm had to move to the inferior Graffiti 2 based on a product called Jot
    • It did allow you to sync your desktop PC’s inbox with your device so you could go through your email on the commute home, but you wouldn’t be bothered by the always connected aspects of push email. Push technology was a big thing then so if you got tired of clearing out your inbox you could read highlights from Wired.com or CNBC via the AvantGo service which sucked in content via your PC that you could then browse through offline at your leisure; in many respects an RSS reader before RSS became well-known
    • Location-based software before GPS was a subscription service called Vindigo that provided recommendations on restaurants, clubs and bars, and shopping. It also had maps that provided turn-by-turn instructions from a look-up table of  directions and was updated by syncing via serial port or USB connected cradle
    • Wireless connectivity was an IrDA infra-red port which was pathetic. I once tried to use it in conjunction with my Ericsson phone to surf the web but it was too much effort to keep both of them lined up. It was perfectly fine though for exchanging business cards electronically. I remember being at a Red Herring conference during the summer of 2000, demoing Palm devices and spent half the time beaming business cards with consultants and lawyers. It involved a curious ritual akin to an animal courtship display where two people would hold their devices in front of each other and move them closer or apart until their contact details had been exchanged. But it seemed to work better than any solution since. Moo cards are now my common currency of information exchange instead

    It was the industrial design of the Palm V and Vx that feels the most prescient parts of the product in many respects. Some of the decisions in this were forced on the designers by the hardware specifications. Palm used to use AAA batteries in their earlier devices and held the OS and resident apps in ROM. ROM was expensive at the time so the V and the Vx had everything in RAM which meant that there always needed to be a power supply which meant they had to use a lithium-ion battery. Since the battery wasn’t designed to be user serviceable the case was hot-glued together. This allowed the industrial designers to make the device much thinner so that it could be slipped into a set of jeans or a shirt pocket and weighed in at a paltry 114g, some 20g lighter than my iPhone without its case.

    The need for a ‘picture frame’ around the screen provided the designers with a way of making the device feel nicer in the hand by making it have rounded edges. It wasn’t that far off the iPhone in terms of size, but felt nicer to hold. When I first got my iPhone 3GS the device felt too wide in my hand. The product design encouraged premium brands like Burberry and Jean Paul Gaultier to make Palm V cases (which is a bit nicer than the silicone rubber jacket most people have on their iPhone. I used to have a slider case by a company called Rhinoskin made out of laser cut titanium plate that was indestructable.

    At the bottom of the Palm V and Vx was a connector that Palm continued to use on the M500-series devices. This connector meant that lots of companies made great accessories. A company called OmniSky sold a GSM modem that the PDA slotted into, ThinkOutside made the best folding keyboard I have ever used, again using the connector at the bottom to connect with the PDA. I once wrote a by-lined article on the train back from London to Liverpool without any at seat power and with both the keyboard and the Palm Vx slipping into my jacket pocket when I reached Liverpool Lime Street. Something I just couldn’t do with the iPhone due to its greedy battery life and the bulky keyboard accessories currently available.

    Looking back on it, the Palm Vx was the high point of of Palm the company. Missed technological opportunities, numerous management issues, poor quality product and software engineering together with wider market technological progress meant that the company and the PalmOS developer eco-system was a shadow of its former self by the the time the company was sold to HP.

  • Sony Walkman WM-D6C Pro

    The Sony Walkman WM-D6C Pro had a central part in music culture. By the time I was in sixth form many of my friends who were into their rock music used to order bootleg concert recordings from mail order outlets like Adrian’s Records.

    The quality of the later bootlegs were noticeably better as it was easy to connect an affordable portable high-quality recording source up to the concert mixing desk or use a good microphone for a field recording. In fact, whilst some bands, notably The Grateful Dead, built a following using bootlegged concert tapes as a marketing tool; the record industry viewed it with a horror comparable to bit torrent today.

    Sony Walkman WM-D6C Pro

    If there was one device responsible for improving the quality of these recordings it was the Sony Walkman WM-D6C Pro, then often known as the Pro-Walkman. Michelle Shocked, a folk artist beloved by the likes of Q Magazine, sprang into the spotlight with an album called The Texas Campfire Sessions (which was originally a bootleg or ‘field recording’ released by an English producer) recorded on a WM-D6C and Henry Rollins used one to record many of his spoken word recordings. In reality Sony had built a number of professional grade cassette recording devices, but this was the most useful. So it was inevitable that I would write about this throwback gadget.

    Why was it so great?

    • Cost: in terms of recording, the WM-D6C was favourably compared to Nakamichi hi-fi cassette decks. Nakamichi were about as high-end as cassette tape ever got with the Nakamichi Dragon cassette decks selling even now on eBay for 1,000+ USD. Hi-fi magazines recommended them as part of an ideal starter audiophile set-up. One of my friends used to have a Pro-Walkman, a NAD amplifier and a set of Rogers speakers. In terms of portable recording the Pro-Walkman was cheaper and more portable than comparable items in the Sony and Marantz ranges and was far cheaper than the Nagra range of portable reel-to-reel recorders often favoured for professional field recordings
    • Features: the Pro-Walkman was also distinguished by being the only device of its size to have Dolby C noise reduction and a line-in socket. The tape mechanism was a quartz controlled capstan servo which controlled the tape speed precisely and dramatically improved the recording and playback quality of a cassette
    • Build quality: the Pro-Walkman is exceptionally well put together. They last forever and can withstand a lot of abuse, being a lot less fragile than your average Walkman. All this engineering came with a price; as the device had quite a heft to it; however it could still be easily dropped in a coat pocket or handbag. If you see one of them dismantled you realise that it required hand assembly with almost the same level of skill as a watchmaker
    • Trusted brand: It is hard for anyone younger than 16 to imagine the amount of trust Sony had as a brand. I still have a Sony Trinitron TV as it has an exceptional picture quality and my Uncle invested in a Sony Beta video recorder because whilst VHS was more popular this was a Sony. The Walkman defined listening to music on the move in the 1980s and for most people, though boom boxes had their place too and the Discman picked up where the Walkman left off. Think Apple or Google to get an idea of how big this brand was

    Its_a_Sony
    It’s a Sony stood for unsurpassed quality in consumer electronics in the minds of many consumers because Sony’s industrial design, manufacturing prowess and quality were second-to-none (though in truth, the cracks had already started to show by the mid-1980s with some cheaper products being exceptionally cheap and nasty). And regardless of my current ambivalence towards the Sony brand and what happens to Sony in the future; both the Sony logo script and the ‘It’s a Sony dotted logo’ have to be two of the most iconic pieces of graphic design for me. More Sony related posts here.