Category: marketing | 營銷 | 마케팅 | マーケティング

According to the AMA – Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. This has contained a wide range of content as a section over the years including

  • Super Bowl advertising
  • Spanx
  • Content marketing
  • Fake product reviews on Amazon
  • Fear of finding out
  • Genesis the Korean luxury car brand
  • Guo chao – Chinese national pride
  • Harmony Korine’s creative work for 7-Eleven
  • Advertising legend Bill Bernbach
  • Japanese consumer insights
  • Chinese New Year adverts from China, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore
  • Doughnutism
  • Consumer Electronics Show (CES)
  • Influencer promotions
  • A media diary
  • Luxe streetwear
  • Consumerology by marketing behaviour expert Phil Graves
  • Payola
  • Dettol’s back to work advertising campaign
  • Eat Your Greens edited by Wiemer Snijders
  • Dove #washtocare advertising campaign
  • The fallacy of generations such as gen-z
  • Cultural marketing with Stüssy
  • How Brands Grow Part 2 by Jenni Romaniuk and Byron Sharp
  • Facebook’s misleading ad metrics
  • The role of salience in advertising
  • SAS – What is truly Scandinavian? advertising campaign
  • Brand winter
  • Treasure hunt as defined by NPD is the process of consumers bargain hunting
  • Lovemarks
  • How Louis Vuitton has re-engineered its business to handle the modern luxury consumer’s needs and tastes
  • Korean TV shopping celebrity Choi Hyun woo
  • qCPM
  • Planning and communications
  • The Jeremy Renner store
  • Cashierless stores
  • BMW NEXTGen
  • Creativity in data event that I spoke at
  • Beauty marketing trends
  • Kraft Mothers Day marketing
  • RESIST – counter disinformation tool
  • Facebook pivots to WeChat’s business model
  • Smartphone launches
  • Matured digital strategy + more

    Mediatel: Newsline: Vodafone’s ‘matured’ digital strategy reappraises adspend“Many advertisers, including Vodafone, have come to realise that a lot of the social platforms are high frequency but very, very low attention,” she said. “When you are launching a new brand or proposition you can’t communicate it in one and half seconds.” – stating the bleeding obvious dressed up as industry thought leadership. You could have realised that a decade ago. Social is poor for brand building, but what are Vodafone going to do with it?

    Vodafone taxi

    Dubai Ports World and a New Form of Imperialismreport examines Gulf expansionism through a case study of the Emirates-based company Dubai Ports World (DP World). This multinational is one of the world’s leading global port operators and logistics giants—and a source of power for the United Arab Emirates. A close look at its operations in the Horn of Africa reveals the ways that a government can exert control through a modern state-chartered company. A closer look at the operations of DP World also casts light on a key driver of disastrous state fragmentation in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea. DP World functions like a modern-day version of the British East India Company, serving as both a foreign policy tool and a profit engine – which makes Chinese run ports and Belt and Road projects even scarier

    Project MUSE – China and World Order: Mutual Gain or Exploitation?signs are that an assertive realpolitik is China’s leitmotif. Frankopan’s New Silk Roads lays out the wide scope of China’s ambitions and hints at some of their genuinely internationalist dimensions, but it also documents the case for viewing China’s role as a wolf in sheep’s clothing—at least as rapacious as European and other imperialists in previous centuries. The latter view is supported by Burnay’s Chinese Perspectives on the International Rule of Law and the anthology Building a Normative Order in the South China Sea. Still other studies show that China’s cyber networks are establishing foundations for Chinese dominion over foreign resources and potential dependencies that, in time, can be pressured to do more than kowtow

    China and Hollywood: Is the romance over? – SupChinathe upcoming sequel to Top Gun, a 1986 American action drama film, made headlines following the release of its first trailer, where two patches that had originally shown the Taiwanese flag appear to have been swapped out. Produced by Paramount Pictures, the movie has Chinese tech giant Tencent as its investor and primary promoter in the Chinese market.

    The “New” Private Security Industry, the Private Policing of Cyberspace and the Regulatory Questions – Mark Button,the growth of the “new” private security industry and private policing arrangements, policing cyberspace. It argues there has been a significant change in policing which is equivalent to the “quiet revolution” associated with private policing that Shearing and Stenning observed in the 1970s and 1980s, marking the “second quiet revolution.” The article then explores some of the regulatory questions that arise from these changes, which have been largely ignored to date by scholars of policing and policy-makers

    Privacy, People, and Markets | Ethics & International Affairs | Cambridge CoreMost current work on privacy understands it according to an economic model: individuals trade personal information for access to desired services and websites. This sounds good in theory. In practice, it has meant that online access to almost anything requires handing over vast amounts of personal information to the service provider with little control over what happens to it next. The two books considered in this essay both work against that economic model. In Privacy as Trust, Ari Ezra Waldman argues for a new model of privacy that starts not with putatively autonomous individuals but with an awareness that managing information flows is part of how people create and navigate social boundaries with one another. Jennifer Rothman’s Right of Publicity confronts the explosive growth of publicity rights—the rights of individuals to control and profit from commercial use of their name and public image—and, in so doing, she exposes the poverty of treating information disclosure merely as a matter of economic calculation

    ‘Influencing is heading into the void’: Natasha Stagg and Kate Durbin on the future of social mediaauthor Natasha Stagg joins Kate Durbin to discuss the Kardashians’ quest for immortality, ‘it girls’, and maintaining identity in the content economy

    Data and Digital Intelligence CommonsThe digital economy can be understood as comprising intelligent systems running whole sectors, employing data based digital intelligence to re-organise and coordinate them. Within such a macro understanding, it is possible to apply the framework of Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) developed by Elinor Ostrom to examine the management of data and digital intelligence resources at the community level in a given sector, like transport, under the dominant model. Such an analysis reveals very suboptimal results on almost all the key IAD evaluation parameters; from efficiency and equity to accountability and sustainability

    Social factory as prosaic state space: Redefining labour in China’s mass innovation/mass entrepreneurship campaign – June Wang, Yujing Tan,Redefining labour in China’s mass innovation/mass entrepreneurship campaign

    Steering capital: the growing private authority of index providers in the age of passive asset management: Review of International Political Economy: Vol 0, No 0with the shift towards passive investing, the three big index providers have become actors that exercise growing private authority in capital markets as they steer investments through the indices they create and maintain. Index providers define the criteria according to which companies or countries are included into an index. Thereby, they influence investment decisions and corporate governance norms as well as strategies of those companies and states (that seek to be) included into their indices. We argue that rather than technical expertise, the main source of authority are their powerful brands that are trusted by the international investment community and which are entrenched via network externalities

    Noncompete agreements | Economic Policy InstituteOur survey results show that somewhere between 27.8% and 46.5% of the private-sector workforce—between 36 million and 60 million workers—are subject to noncompete clauses. High and low level employees are being covered by noncompetes. Given the ubiquity of noncompetes, the real harm they inflict on workers and competition, and the fact they are part of a growing trend of employers requiring their workers to sign a variety of contracts that take away their rights, the authors believe that they should be abolished – having been hobbled by one, I couldn’t agree more

    Telegraphic Revolution: Speed, Space and Time in the Nineteenth Century* | German History | Oxford Academicthe impact of the ‘communications revolution’ upon experiences of time and space during the nineteenth century. Focusing upon the first three decades of telegraphic communication, it unpacks the assumptions underlying linear narratives of ‘acceleration’ and ‘time-space compression’ to understand the roots of Germany’s fraught relationship to modernity. In doing so, it highlights the importance of the changes which took place between the 1848 revolutions and the early years of the Kaiserreich and which laid the foundations for the peculiarities of the Wilhelmine Era. During this period, it argues, the perceived impact of telegraphic communication, the ‘expansion’ or ‘contraction’ of space and time, varied from one person and place to another, reflecting the technology’s progressive and uneven expansion across Germany. Access to new networks of communication was dependent upon, and in turn influenced, the changing status of individuals, towns and the countryside experiencing the forces of industrialization, market capitalism and globalizationmore on the central idea behind this

    Jazz Wars in the ’70s | The Village Voicejazz in the ’70s boiled down to a debate between the non­compromising eclectics and the compromising eclectics, a debate that escalated into a class war. Monied groups with major record label affiliations played concert halls; a middle class of dependable mainstream-modern attractions monopolized the established jazz clubs; the new and avant were accom­modated briefly by the loft scene, and then by a network of new clubs and theatres. Numerous exceptions to this pic­ture don’t alter its veracity. Jazz radio became fusion radio, while the record in­dustry, puffing away at the jazz-is-back myth with one overproduced confection after another – this explains Kenny G

    Beyond scandal? Blockchain technologies and the legitimacy of post-2008 finance | Finance and SocietyHarnessing the concepts of ‘moral economy’ and ‘scandal’, we identify both possibilities and limits for blockchain applications to legitimate a range of monetary and investment activities. However, we also find that a persistent individualisation of responsibility for failures and shortcomings with ‘live’ blockchain experimentation has undermined the potentially legitimating aspects of this technology. Combining a reliance on technological fixes with a persistent individualist moral economy, we conclude, works against efforts to confront head-on the tensions underpinning the on-going legitimacy crises facing finance – sociological reasons why much of fintech wouldn’t work even if the tech could

    Swiping right: face perception in the age of Tinder – ScienceDirectjudgments of physical attractiveness are assumed to drive the “swiping” decisions that lead to matches, we propose that there is an additional evaluative dimension driving behind these decisions: judgments of moral character. With the aim of adding empirical support for this proposition, we critically review the most striking findings about first impressions extracted from faces, moral character in person perception, creepiness, and the uncanny valley, as they apply to Tinder behavior

    What’s love got to do with it? Passion and inequality in white‐collar work – Rao – – Sociology Compass – Wiley Online Librarywe argue that the passion schema has become a critical marker in the labor market for sorting individuals into occupations, hiring and promotion within organizations, and assigning value to people’s labor. Emergent research suggests that because the expression and perception of passion remain ambiguously defined in the workplace and varies by context, it is pivotal in reproducing social inequalities. In this review, we focus on how privileging passion in the workplace and interpreting it as a measure of aptitude impacts social inequalities by race, gender, and social class

    CMA lifts the lid on digital giants – GOV.UK – interesting points: Each year, about 15% of queries on Google have never been searched for before. Other search engines like Bing will not have the same access to these queries, putting Google in a powerful position of being able to better train its algorithms and provide more accurate search results than its rivals. The CMA has also found that the default settings people are faced with online have a profound effect on choice and the shape of competition. Last year in the UK, Google was willing to pay around £1 billion – 16% of all its search revenues – where it was the default search engine on mobile devices such as Apple phones. – Looking at the the 15% of queries that are new to Google every year, is this cultural evolution, new brands and products or a combination of both?

    Explainer: Behind the climb in Chinese companies’ defaults on bond payments – Reuters state and private companies have missed payments on more than 100 billion yuan ($14.2 billion) of bonds in the year to end-October, not far off the 111 billion yuan for all of 2018, according to S&P Global. Reuters calculations show six state-owned firms and 42 private companies defaulted on payments this year.

    Marketers warn they could be ‘priced out’ of Facebook advertising | Advertising | Campaign Asia – overheating in developed markets? Really interesting when you read Mediatel: Newsline: Starcom: TV is now twice the price… but not twice as good“There’s still nothing better than [a 30 second ad],” Dan Plant said on a panel at Future of TV Advertising Global. “Unfortunately it costs twice as much now – and it hasn’t got twice as good at what it was doing. You pay twice as much to achieve the same thing.” – is this really taking into account the long term brand building role of (good) TV advertising? Also the inflation doesn’t seem to be nearly as bad as Facebook for instance

    China’s social credit system: The Chinese citizens perspective | UCL ASSAThe question of who to trust, and social trust more broadly is one that is pertinent to every modern society, not just China. Although the idea of someone being ‘trustworthy’ (chengxin) has long existed in the Chinese traditional moral system, it is widely believed this was fundamentally damaged in the past 50 years, starting with Mao’s Cultural Revolution (1966-76), now seen as a period characterised by the ‘breakdown of public morality’.  A turbulent period characterised by families turning on each other and being forced to denounce any friends or family members deemed counter-revolutionary, the Cultural Revolution has also had the effect of eroding the concept of chengxin and therefore also mutual trust over time

    Unilever warns it will miss 2019 sales growth target | Financial Timeseconomic slowdown in south Asia — one of its biggest markets — and “difficult” trading conditions in west Africa. It also said trading in developed markets remained “challenging” and that while there were signs of improvement in North America, a recovery there would take time.

    Apple faces shareholder vote on human rights policies | Financial Times – shit, meet fan….

    China’s TV, Film Industry Shrinks Amid Ongoing Censorship | RFAAround 65 percent of 9, 841 actors and celebrities in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan hadn’t been on television lately, while the high-profile roles are generally shared among less than one percent of the profession, the report said.Around 95 percent have had more than a year without being offered work, it said. – It’s RFA so you have to take a certain amount of it with a pinch of salt but the numbers fit with what I’ve heard. The Chinese film industry has put its eggs in fewer and fewer baskets

  • Lovemarks

    A decade and a half ago Kevin Roberts wrote his book Lovemarks. In reality, Roberts reiterated the factors needed for a successful (consumer) brand. Though much of it would benefit a business-to-business brand as well. Indeed someone like Snap-On are are a great example of this.

    I took the piss out of Roberts book after I read it. It tried to rebrand branding by repeating the same tools that branding uses anyway. Roberts’ Saatchi & Saatchi famously parleyed Lovemarks ‘thought leadership into winning the JC Penney advertising account.

    I still think that it was money for old rope. But in retrospect, I view it also as plea to make branding great again; in the face of the nascent performance-only digital marketing that was gaining momentum.

    Moving forward to 2019 and brand marketing is a dark place. Digital now accounts for 70 per cent of media spend in the UK. God knows advertising now needs a move back to craft as advocated to Roberts back then.

    One thing that Roberts failed to grasp in his book is often that consumers put the ‘value’ or love in a brand. Steve Jobs didn’t invent the Apple fan boy. Being under attack by the IT department and peers did. I remember whilst at college advocating Macs to other students and get them up and running on (secondhand) machines that they bought. Or subscribing to Guy Kawasaki’s Apple ‘EvangeLIST’ and Small Dog Electronics ‘Kibble and Bytes’ email newsletters – which helped me realise:

    • There were other people like me out there
    • I had rational ammunition to deal with opponents
    • Technical advice to exist in a Windows world

    Garden Life Bead

    A more recent example of this is the outpouring of support for Garden Bakery in Hong Kong. Garden Life bread is like Wonder bread in the US, Brennan’s bread in Ireland or Warburtons in the UK.

    During the stand-off at Hong Kong Polytechnic University. A policeman was quoted as saying that:

    Protestors were irresponsible, brainless rubbish that he looked down upon. They eat ‘cold bread’ that’s usually eaten by poor old people while police go to Shenzhen for hotpot and beer

    The cold bread that he was so dismissive of is Garden Life Bread – which is a well loved local brand. It is part of the hybrid cuisine of Hong Kong like Hong Kong style milk tea or Spam fritters for breakfast. It is usually eaten toasted with coconut jam, or peanut butter and condensed milk. You can often buy it as toast with scrambled egg on it.

    The brand love that came back from Hong Kong protestors was part politics, part Hong Kong pride.

    It inspired art

    Garden Bakery autobot

    And even started to appear at protests

    Garden Bakery Life bread at protest in Hong Kong's Central district

    The challenge Garden Bakery have is an interesting one. It is a local champion brand, but also has presence in China and sells biscuits to overseas Chinese communities – who are split in their view of the Hong Kong protests. The Chinese government has substantial influence or even ownership of overseas Chinese language media outlets.

  • Gartner Predicts 2020

    Gartner’s ‘Predicts 2020’ report has started to get pick-up across the marketing media.

    Valve-powered computer detail

    The reports top-line predictions of most interest to me in the report are:

    • By 2022, 25% of marketing departments will have a dedicated behavioural scientist or ethnographer as part of their full-time staff
    • By 2023, CMO budget allocation on influencer marketing will decrease by a third 
    • By 2025, 80% of marketers who have invested in personalization will abandon their efforts due to lack of ROI, the perils of customer data management or both, according to Gartner, Inc

    Let’s break down these predictions one by one. 

    Behavioural scientists and ethnographers

    It’s no surprise to us that marketing organisations will incorporate behavioural science expertise into their teams. At the height of its success Nokia famously employed Jan Chipchase as a leader of ethnographers focused on understanding the underlying trends in behaviours related to mobile devices. This in turn fed into Nokia’s design thinking and product marketing. 

    Over the past ten years we’ve seen public service providers such as the NHS roll out behavioural thinking into service design – such as signing citizens up for organ donation programmes or improving appointment attendance. We have seen the learnings of the Stanford Persuasive Technology Lab used for good and bad applications. The thinking is used in digital healthcare services, which is where Professor Fogg focuses his efforts. But it has also been used to the detriment of the public in designing non-healthcare related apps from mobile games to dating app Tinder. ‘Addictive’ apps usually rely on some of the concepts and model developed by Professor Fogg and his team.  

    From a marketing perspective there is an increasing understanding that communications tend to work most effectively when understood through the lens of audience bias’ and ‘cultural imprinting’ – the idea that we all want to be part of what is culturally acceptable.  

    Behavioural science and ethnography helps get to the ‘human truth’ at the centre of a creative campaigns. Campaigns is built around understanding the bias’ that have to be addressed in order to initiate the call to action, whether its driving purchase or behavioural change.

    Influencer marketing

    CMO budget allocation on influencer marketing will decrease by a third

    Gartner Predict 2020

    Surely this statistic is bad news for the marketing industry?

    In a word: No.

    It’s a market correction. It is a reflection of a few things that have been happening in consumer marketing:

    • There was an over-enthusiasm for consumer marketers in influencer marketing without any focus on efficiency or effectiveness. The power of influencer marketing as a paid discipline was taken as gospel. So, some of that spend reduction is a market correction rather than a ‘problem’ with influencer marketing. Where consumer marketing was done as earned media without a paid budget there was a focus on size of audience, without asking some key questions. Was the audience actually real? Was the audience actually relevant
    • There was a large amount of inflation in in the cost of reaching a given audience for consumer brands using an influencer strategy. Influencers got an over inflated sense of their self-worth and charged accordingly. When large scale influencers declined in engagement due to the large of large numbers, and were more expensive to use per user – marketers went down the influence line. They then heralded ‘micro’ influencers and latterly ‘nano’ influencers. Something had to give
    • Finally, influencer commerce for consumer brands has been a minefield. Western markets haven’t been able to replicate the same level of success that brands have had working with Chinese influencers. Secondly even agencies don’t know what definitively makes a successful unit-shifting influencer. We were at a PR Week’s ‘What does the future hold for influencer marketing’ event at the end of September. Social agency Goat made an interesting disclosure. They’ve worked with about 100,000 influencers and found that the vast majority didn’t deliver sales for their clients. But more interestingly there was no data about which influencer was more likely to work in social commerce, or what were their reasons for success

    Some sectors have approached influencers in a different way. For instance, no one aspires to be an influencer in a given disease area, it is something that happens as part of a coping strategy and a desire to help peers.

    Abandoning marketing personalised data

    Gartner’s prediction on personalisation is a bit less clear. Some of the media coverage has a fundamental misunderstanding of what data personalisation is in marketing. This makes me a bit leery of Gartner’s claims, based on a presumption that this was sold in as a story to those journalists by Gartner.

    Consumer brands have embraced complex technology stacks in order to enrich campaigns and drive efficiency. Marketing personalisation is part of this process.

    But the issue has been the imbalance in consumer marketing in terms of focus on efficiency rather than effectiveness. Adidas’ global media director Simon Peel admitted that they had spent too much on digital advertising due to their over-zealous focus on marketing efficiency. Peel is looking to move Adidas back to a more balanced marketing mix.

    Secondly, marketing personalisation is turning into a problematic issue for companies when sentiment like Shoshana Zuboff’s is becoming normalised

    ‘My view is that all of the data that people celebrate as big data is threaded with stolen assets. As law comes on stream, these assets are going to be reinterpreted as toxic assets. Just like the sub-prime mortgages that threaded through the derivatives market and all these financial products were reinterpreted as toxic assets and tanked the market in those financial products.

    I believe that day is coming.’

    Shoshana Zuboff, author and Harvard Business School professor, Contagious Magazine issue 6

    I am unconvinced about Gartner’s move to behavioural / emotional data and AI created ads due to similar privacy concerns. It won’t provide cultural imprinting, talkability or effective campaigns. Secondly, there is a lot of AI snake oil being sold which could leave it more trouble than ever.

  • Dark mode + more things

    Opinion | Living in Dark Mode – The New York Times – of the Hong Kong liberation movement was a plot device in a William Gibson novel, I would expect him to write a character like Karen. (Paywall) – dark mode is a great metaphor for the dystopian ennui. Yet I find it much easier to work in dark mode on my computer, which provides an interesting contradiction to idea

    Hong Kong Protests (October 31)

    As facial recognition tech races ahead of regulation, Chinese residents grow nervous about data privacy | South China Morning Post – interesting that concerns are starting to appear around privacy and biometrics

    Will Reddit Ads or Facebook Ads Have Lower CPC? – yes

    The white working class is a political fiction | The OutlineIt turns the working class into something people are, not a function of what they do. It becomes a cultural description totally divorced from labor and wealth, only to be gleaned from outward displays of “class” that come with intelligence, appearance, taste, and all those things that make up meritocratic ideas of “workers.”

    The Uber Bubble: Why Is a Company That Lost $20 Billion Claimed to Be Successful? – early similar to a lot of dot com businesses

    An update on YC China – Silicon Valley retreating from China.

    Daring Fireball: Tim Cook Appears Alongside Trump in Re-Election Campaign Ad Shot in Mac Pro Plant in Austin – ironic given Apple’s actions in Hong Kong

    How a Zara shirt raises ethical issues in sustainable fashion — Quartzy – (paywall)

    Is TikTok really a national security threat? | Slate – yes it is

    Dynamic Norms Promote Sustainable Behavior, Even if It Is Counternormative – Sparkman & Walton – Association for Psychological Science paper on dynamic messaging

    Mobile: Social – Unpacking what holds the loyalty industry back… from what it could be. | LinkedIn – wider implications around people who’ve been conditioned by mobile ( and other technologies towards internet, multi-channel TV etc) to expect instant gratification in general

    Zuckerberg’s Anti-China Rhetoric Roils Facebook Employees — The Information – Facebook is grappling with its large community of Chinese employees, some of whom are becoming more vocal and critical in internal company forums over what they claim is a bias against mainland China. (paywall)

    Chinese netizens think Mark Zuckerberg betrayed China – The Facebook CEO has been widely admired in China, but his more recent negative comments about the country aren’t going over well | Abacus – why should Zuckerberg care

  • Car into a smartphone + more

    Horace Dediu on the transformation of the car into a smartphone. Turning a car into a smartphone isn’t a technology revolution that particularly excites me. I prefer things that can kill me to be using highly reliable real time operating systems with no real time network connectivity – if they have to run software at all. Former Thai finance minister Suchart Jaovisidha who was locked inside his BMW limousine by its onboard computer is a lesson to us all.

    China Mobile 5G launch video is absolutely terrifying and probably the best advert for LTE that I’ve ever seen.

    China Mobile Hotspot

    Consumer use case doesn’t seem to be that high on their priority. So there’s no downloading of Netflix style TV in a flash.

    So what is the killer app? It isn’t autonomous cars, or life saving tele-medicine. But dystopian omnipresent Chinese security. There’s no way I’d be buying a Huawei 5G handset after watching this. It has extra resonance with the current ‘Be Water’ protests going down in Hong Kong. More wireless related posts here.

    I am guessing that China Mobile won’t be handing out copies of Shoshana Zuboff’s The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. Here some of the books main topics are discussed by Shoshana Zuboff, Carole Cadwalladr, Paul Hilder and Shahmir Sanni.

    VCCP’s first campaign for Cathay Pacific is interesting. It has moved away from the professional business traveller to focus on the leisure travel market. This might be a bet on where the Hong Kong economy is going and a ploy to try and tap into the burgeoning Chinese luxury travel market. I suspect that a good deal of it is Cathay Pacific not being price and service competitive with the likes of Oatar Airways on premium long haul flights.

    For me this was a generic ad highlighting Cathay’s overall service rather than the business class experience. which is wedged in awkwardly on the end.

    Finally, Robin Sloan’s short story The Sleep Consultant | The Meteor – feels like as if William Gibson started writing for Monocle.