Category: business | 商業 | 상업 | ビジネス

My interest in business or commercial activity first started when a work friend of my Mum visited our family. She brought a book on commerce which is what business studies would have been called decades earlier. I read the book and that piqued my interest.

At the end of your third year in secondary school you are allowed to pick optional classes that you will take exams in. this is supposed to be something that you’re free to chose.

I was interested in business studies (partly because my friend Joe was doing it). But the school decided that they wanted me to do physics and chemistry instead and they did the same for my advanced level exams because I had done well in the normal level ones. School had a lot to answer for, but fortunately I managed to get back on track with college.

Eventually I finally managed to do pass a foundational course at night school whilst working in industry. I used that to then help me go and study for a degree in marketing.

I work in advertising now. And had previously worked in petrochemicals, plastics and optical fibre manfacture. All of which revolve around business. That’s why you find a business section here on my blog.

Business tends to cover a wide range of sectors that catch my eye over time. Business usually covers sectors that I don’t write about that much, but that have an outside impact on wider economics. So real estate would have been on my radar during the 2008 recession.

  • The basics

    The current economic climate will help re-define the basics for many people.

    Since I was a child supermarkets and shopping experiences have been richer and presented consumers with progressively more choice. During the last recession of the early 1990s supermarkets created own brand products that offered cheaper alternatives with the exact same quality as own brand products.

    No Frills

    A second own-brand phenomena was own brand products that fulfilled basic needs but did away with superfluous packaging and were best seen as ‘fit for purpose’: the No Frills supermarket own brand pioneered by Kwik Save is a classic example of this category. Sainsbury has their version called Sainsbury Basics. So by the time the economy picked up again choice had been increased even further. These brands moved away from, or redefined the bare essentials, for instance recently in Sainsbury’s I have noticed basics including filter coffee and Jaffa Cakes.

    SuperValu Nice Price Jaffa Cakes

    When I left university in the late 1990s, I got a jump on other candidates that worked for the same temping agency as me by having an alphanumeric pager that allowed me to be more responsive to the agency – getting better roles because it was easier for them to find me. Over the next ten years mobile phones became ubiquitous to the point where even homeless people and crack addicts have one.

    It is pretty much the same story with internet access. I used to go over to a cyber cafe in Liverpool near James Street station to check the email in my Yahoo! account every Saturday. Although I had bought shareware Mac software online via Kagi whilst at university, I made my first modern e-commerce purchases via Boxman during my lunch break in the office when I moved down to London. It is hard to imagine that prior to Freeserve in the UK, even dial-up home internet access was largely the preserve of the middle classes in the UK. In contrast, now fixed and mobile broadband has become ubiquitous with mobile broadband connections costing as little as 5GBP a month at the time of writing.

    I get the sense that we have reached a golden age of what basics means, and that golden age will last an uncertain amount of time as environmental and resource concerns kick in. Resources as diverse as food products, oil, copper and water are all under pressure; together with rise of a huge middle class in the developing world basics are going to be more expensive and some items will come off the list as compromises are made. Globalisation will no longer just be about competition to supply products and services, but also about consumer competition to demand goods.

    What does the basics look like to you? How will it change by economics, increasing awareness of personal carbon footprint and environmental impact? More retailing related content can be found here

  • Ian Jindal on retailing

    Ian Jindal was on top form at the Sense Loft where he presented some interesting ideas about the future of retail. I know Ian from my work with Econsultancy. Ian Jindal is also the editor of Internet Retailing and consults for the great and the good of the retail sector. Some of the observations about technology made by Ian Jindal are of particular interest. I made some notes on the presentation in real time on my mobile phone and will try to elaborate around them in italics:

    The UK

    Ian Jindal addressed the overall health of retail and e-tail in the UK.

    • UK most onlne country outside Korea – we may not have 100MB/second fibre into the home broadband connections, but the way in which UK people engage with the web and engage with e-commerce in terms of the amount they spend and the frequency that they shop online means that they are more online than most other countries outside Korea. Hong Kong has a strong broadband infrastructure but e-commerce is superflous in such a compact space. Japan has become almost post-consumer in the way that they no longer splash out on fast cars and Louis Vuitton accessories. One of the things that makes the UK online is the ubiquitous nature of credit cards – still the most effective payment system infrastructure that has seen off a host of rivals
    • UK is the most sophisticated market – consumers have better knowledge in the UK, they know how to play the system. They understand where voucher programmes are and how to best game them to get benefits. UK consumers haven’t stopped spending but are very value driven. They know retailers weak spots and exploit them to get the best deal for themselves

    2008/2009 sales

    Ian Jindal commented on a retail sector struggling with the fallout of the 2008 financial crisis

    • November big growth due to fire sales – retailers dropping prices enticed consumers online: its a value crunch as much as anything else
    • Volume big but not making money – consumers are buying goods at lower prices and for a given amount of revenue far more is having to be spent on logistics
    • Winners include John Lewis because of gift voucher sales, PCWorld due to the reduced costs of modern big plasma and LCD screens, New Look – why?
    • Successful businesses need to deliver on product, price and promise (and make a profit)
    • Logistics companies screwing the small businesses to service big players like Amazon – in the run up to Christmas 89 per cent  of consumers received their purchases on time, with Amazon it was 97 per cent. Small upstarts will get screwed over on performance as delivery companies prioritise their largest accounts
    • Customers a lot cannier play voucher schemes – they abandoned the voucher sites as soon as the sales kicked in and play the system to maximise value
    • 2009 its about cash, ROI, business focus, focus on SEO and conversion – In the credit crunch the first priority is cash flow, a focus on business efficiency and effectiveness. It moves emphasis from getting traffic to getting conversion as business. Pay-per-click (PPC) buys traffic, but does not guarantee a sale. The high price of PPC means that extreme SEO (search engine optimisation) including hand-building the top 100 search pages
    • Ruthless chopping product lines – To reduce the amount of cash invested in stock and focus product lines on those that sell. A focus on the ‘head’ of the long tail

    Future

    Ian Jindal on the future focused on the problem of getting to close a sale online and the role of data to signal user intent which is still a major problem.

    • PPC is outmoded as a marketing communications vehicle as attention is the goal: PPC gets traffic to the site but is no guarantee of ‘stickiness’ or completion of a sale
    • One-page department store – This was a concept that Ian mentioned. There is no point having consumers trawl through a site the only page that matters is the page that they buy from. This page needs special attention. 
    • Context vended pages based on user intent – The example Ian gave was two consumers using Google: one looks for Levi’s 501 36 inch waist cheap. Price is obviously important so you don’t display a lot of options and put the price front and centre on the page. The second searches for smart jeans dark blue, you provide them instead with a series of large images that they can click on to buy since they don’t know what they want and reduce the emphasis of pricing information on the page
    • Google as department store of the world. Google,  niche players and brands are what will drive online shopping. Affiliates will not exist in present from in two years time. Affiliate marketing falls down for many of the same reasons as PPC, Google is the department store of the world because of the pre-eminent position of search as the front door to the web. Niche players will do well as they can meet consumers need and won’t be under so much price competition pressure
    • CPA (cost-per-acquisition) is symptomatic of an overly simplistic world that doesn’t understand a complex decision making process – Consumers may go to multiple online and offline brand touch points in order to make a purchase. Who is responsible, how do you measure assists and infer linkages?
    • Social bored him shitless, reviews not believable, people moving beyond reviews as inspiration stories – As Ian so eloquently put it social bored him shitless, it achieves very little for a lot of effort on behalf of the retailer. Current review offerings don’t provide a lot of utility to customers who often don’t trust them, whether it is an act of ‘sock puppetry’ or consumers with a very different viewpoint to our own. Reviews are also based on a viewpoint that is needs focused rather than desire focused. We live in a consumer society where most people’s needs are already met, much of current consumption is about desire and aspiration. Consequently, empowering consumers to tell their own aspirational stories is much more powerful – a kind of crowd-sourced version of the old TV ads from the 1980s
    • Co-shoppers as retailers – Ian highlighted a new US site called ThisNext, which uses individuals as retail curators. As their authority increases and consumers click through on their recommendations they get rewarded with ‘maven points’. This is a mix of the best attributes in social and affiliate marketing – tapping into consumer aspirations and their trust of people like them
    • nikeID vender management, intelligence gathering on trends and colors – Rather than nikeID being about mass-customisation and prosumption Ian thought that it was about getting information on trends, what colour ways should Nike be making products in. What combinations never sell. It is more scientific than coolhunters tracking down kids in urban setting of New York or Tokyo and helps support buying decisions. It is all about trying to understand the head of the long tail
    • Cross channelists – retail businesses who can deliver experiences through different channels are more likely to be part of consumers complex purchase decisions

    Evolution of data

    • Data – screw this and you build it on sand – the right data and the right architecture to structure the data is the lifeblood of any retail business. If you get this wrong your decison making process and business is at risk
    • Data is facts – facts works as a good definition of data
    • Meta data – data about data that the data would not know itself
    • The way we use data has changed as the number of nodes that process it change, moving from business analysis to data as a service and mash-ups – Google services and APIs are supported by thousands of servers in a given data centre
    • Social web – evolving to responsive and self configuring services – context, location all start to become important – flickr uses camera details from metadata to provide shopping recommendations
    • APML and microformats – APML is a proxy for intent and understanding the consumer. It shows where they put their time. Microformats allow for data to have more utility than plain HTML data – addresses can be readily imported into address books a la Google Maps using the hcard format
    • Rescue Time time management software allows consumers to make use of their own APML data
    • APML-powered commerce: engagd, phorm, google checkout
    • Entering network age with services such as pique and bazaarvoice  – where predictive services offered based on APML and population monitoring to spot patterns of consumer behaviour
    • location: omnifocus brightkite – includes where 2.0 techniques. From a consumer point-of-view this means a move towards apparent ESP by services as they have an emergent intelligence

    You can find Ian’s slides for this event here.

  • Cyprus notes

    I spoke earlier this week at an eTourism Forum in Cyprus. It was my first time on the island. It is an interesting mix of contrasts:

    • The main language is Greek, but everyone speaks English
    • Everyone drives on the leftside of the road and the even the road signs look British
    • The island has a series of micro-climates with snow on the mountains when I was there and a pleasant 20 celsius down nearer the sea

    I spoke and participated in panel discussions over two days. You can find my presentation on Online Reputation Management and the Personalised Web. It was good opportunity to catch up with some old friends and make some new ones including: John Horsley founder of the Marzar social network, Gerd Leonhard media futurist, Richard Sedley of cScape, Andrew Gordon,  Theodoris Koumelis of Travel Daily News and Dr. Natasa Christodoulidou of UNLV. The conference was enthusiastically hosted by Petros Mavros of Avantless on behalf of The Cyprus Tourism Organisation.

    The audience were enthusiastic and eager to learn about what online marketing techniques could do for their businesses. It struck me that there was more demand than there was the local web and design talent to address it, though some of the attendees seemed to already have a sophisticated understanding of search marketing techniques.

    What became apparent was the unequal nature of market power. The local businesses needed to reset the balance between themselves and the large tour groups that had traditionally brought travellers to the island.

    Large tour groups immense market power was used to screw these businesses into the ground on price. Cyprus even needs to import its own drinking water, so a downturn in the economy would be disastrous.

    Whilst I had been there on a professional basis, I wouldn’t mind going back during the winter or spring as a tourist to sample some of its more cultural aspects. More related content can be found here.

  • Guanxi online + other news

    Guanxi

    56minus1 :: » guanxi in the Chinese web :: – the rapid rise of Chinese social media has resulted in changes in guanxi. This means more pressure on the government to take action bypassing guanxi. Influencers and experts with a following have a new form of guanxi

    Business

    Yahoo Announces Next Steps in Open Strategy

    What Yahoo Should Do « blog maverick – Yahoo! should go big and buy companies up cheap whilst it can to bulk up on places it could monetise, its open strategy could be leveraged as an advantage to make that happen

    Consumer behaviour

    Youth Marketing Statistics: Traditional Media Sparks Web Searches for 84% of Digital Influencers

    Social media more popular than ever / we are social – nice bit of research from Robin and the guys at we are social

    50 Youth Marketing Trends for 2009 (Part Two 26-50)

    10 Articles on Ethnographic Research 26 Dec 08

    Culture

    Sk8’ers find heaven in foreclosure

    Economics

    Forecasts: Get ready for a three-year recession – no compelling reasons for the economy to snap out of it

    FMCG

    ‘Ugly Betty’ Inspires Dove Campaign in China – Unilever had to go back to the drawing board as Chinese women believed that “a model on billboards is something that women do aspire to, and feel is attainable” so the real beauty concept fell on its ass.

    Germany

    Schober Group – German list broker

    Hong Kong

    Michelin rates Hong Kong, but with which yardstick?

    Black Cross – cool Hong Kong streetwear shop

    How to

    Apple – Business – Theater – Apple’s quick tips theatre

    LinkedIn: Answers: Home – very handy facility if you are on LinkedIn

    How to Hold a Digital Camera

    Phil Windley’s Technometria | Moving Jobs Between Printers in OS X

    21 Settings, Techniques and Rules All New Camera Owners Should Know

    Tweet Manager Twitter App For Complete Twitter Automation – hmm a spam marketers delight, be afraid`

    10 Articles on Working the Idea Cloud, Crowdsourcing and Product Development 30 Dec 08

    Japan

    JET SET – legendary Japanese record store, another reason why I love Japan

    Web 2.0 Asia :: Google might become the top dog in Japan – this is really disappointing, particularly as Asia was the one bright spot in the Yahoo! network

    Japanese business confidence hit hard – International Herald Tribune

    Album of Photographs of Japan – a set on Flickr – cool copyright free pictures from the New York Library

    Korea

    Top Interent News in 2008 – KoreaCrunch

    Legal 

    A Chill on ‘The Guardian’ – The New York Review of Books – interesting discussion in the Tesco Tax Avoidance case.

    Digital Design Blog » Tracking Social Influence: Razorfish Files Patent For Social Media Action Tag

    Marketing 

    South African brand trends for 09 « Underfield

    Communities Dominate Brands: From James Bond’s invisible Aston Martin to the visible non-car in Ford’s Ka Find It campaign – interesting discussion on the web of no web

    Building Relationships is More Important Than Building Links Alone – this completely closes the gap between search agencies and PR agencies if the SEO guys wake up to it

    The plight of branded apps and the future of social marketing » VentureBeat – brand apps on Facebook are a bust

    The Secrets of Marketing in a Web 2.0 World – WSJ.com – basics of web 2.0 for senior management

    Media

    Content Sites Bracing For 50% Revenue Slowdown

    Digging In To MySpace And Facebook’s (Projected) Slump In Ad Sales | paidContent.org

    Tough Love For Microsoft Search

    Online

    cmypitch.com – social network for start-ups and small businesses

    Twitblogs – Sam Sethi’s new business, not sure what the point is though.

    Beet.TV: Ning has 600,000 Networks, Gina Bianchini Writes in The New York Times

    Software

    Things – task management on the Mac

    Telecoms

    SwissCom Tries To Deflect Criticism Of Le Web Internet Failure – Arrington calls SwissCom liars.

  • Netbooks + other news

    Netbooks

    Microsoft Executive: Netbooks Risk Cannibalizing Windows – netbooks are considered to be part of a wider consumer trend on downshifting technology. Consequently netbooks affects a business that relies on the consumer believing that continual innovation is a good thing. ASUS’ iconic eeePC netbooks even ran a Linux desktop application. Netbooks were a realisation that a lot of people use the web to check their email and create basic content. I don’t think that Google’s thin client Chromebooks are the antidote to netbooks either due to patchy networks.

    Business

    Understanding Google’s Strategy– nice piece of analysis

    Consumer behaviour

    End of The Pepsi Generation – Now you must earn youth trust

    trendwatching.com’s December 2008 Trend Briefing, covering half a dozen consumer trends for 2009 – loving these ideas from the peeps at trendwatching

    Youth Marketing Statistics: Influence in User Reviews – How important are consumer opinions when making purchases?

    Gadget

    SanDisk Cruzer Enterprise Becomes First Secure USB Flash Drive to Fully Support Apple Macintosh Users

    How to

    Social Media Monitoring and Analysis with SM2 from Techrigy – recommended by the guys at e-Consultancy for me to have a look at

    stock.xchng – the leading free stock photography site

    Legal

    Groklaw – Apple Tells Court It Believes Someone Is Behind Psystar – something worth keeping an eye on. This could blow up as big and as dirty as the SCO case if Apple is correct

    Marketing

    ElfYourself by OfficeMax – Powered by JibJab – viral from OfficeMax for Xmas 2008. Interesting the way they went with the same concept. This isn’t as sophisticated (from a technical perspective) as their previous viral

    New York Times Finds Success with Facebook Campaign – ClickZ – reading this is a bit meta: media company which makes its money by advertising, uses Facebook advertising to successfully market itself (presumably offsetting the amount it spent in acquiring traffic by advertising on Facebook with selling advertising on its own site)

    Youth Marketing Statistics: Has your organization made specific changes to the marketing budget in response to the economy?

    The downturn’s new rules for marketers – The McKinsey Quarterly (registration required) – interesting article by McKinsey. I like the concept of micro markets

    Calm Christmas – nice advent calendar

    Media

    UK media set for thousands more job cuts-analysts By Kate Holton LONDON (Reuters) – British media companies could cut tens of thousands more jobs in the coming years as the economic downturn hits an industry already ravaged by the Internet revolution. British newspaper groups and broadcasters have…

    The Independent launches readers’ blogs – a bit behind the Telegraph on this

    Google Turns To Hard Alcohol, Will Relax Ad Rules In January | paidContent:UK – Google becoming more evil to ensure continued revenue growth in the UK.

    Online

    Changing landscape in China’s e-commerce and social networking services  |  December 4, 2008  |  Telecommunications Online

    Video: Good Ideas in 2009 in Social Media | PSFK – Trends, Ideas & Inspiration

    #hashtags.org – making sense of the #events on Twitter

    storytlr | your life online – really nice way of doing ‘digital storytelling’ for next-to-no money

    Shopping

    ENDLESS MUSIC – MUSIC, TV & FILM MEMORABILIA

    Diggers Guide Update! – Manchester and North West. Some of these places were new to me

    Technology

    TG Daily – Windows market share drops to 15-year low

    Wireless

    MacDailyNews: iPhone market share surges